Wonder or Wander

Altbach, Philip. (1998). Greenwich, CT: Ablex Publishing. The university has been always a global institution since the medieval period (all the modern universities stem from the European model in the medieval epoch and the universities in the medieval were more international and taught in Latin students all around Europe until nationalism swept around the continent in the 19th century. p. xviii), and now with the global economy and communication technology advance, increasing internationalism among universities has become a main operating engine of knowledge based society and created an international knowledge system. (However, access to knowledge is limited by the availability of resources, such as books and the Internet.) Market forces--ideas are as important as products--of the institutions of industrialized nations and local demands--academic degrees from the 'center' is useful at the 'periphery'-- of developing nations have pushed greater internationalism in high...

Gail Jardine. (2005). Peter Lang Publishing My main concern [is] to locate the forms of power, the channels it takes, and the discourses it permeates in order to reach the most tenuous individual modes of behavior (Foucaut, M. The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, Vol. 1. 1976/1990). Jardine summarizes Foucault's work from pedagogical perspectives with an emphasis on "disciplinary knowledge" acted on individual, that is, knowledge is not outside of power and disciplinary knowledge especially trains individuals in a particulary society to comply to the system of power (p.10). Another emphasis is given on Foucault's contribution to empowerment of individuals, "care of the self", in his own word. [This is quite new to me and triggers my curiosity. The author quotes Foucault from various sources and, in particular, The Archeology of Knowledge (1969), in which, according to Jardine, a framework useful to analyze systems of knowledge is given, and Power/Kno...